Who Was Created First Man Or Animals
After reading the first two chapters of the Bible, some skeptics, in an endeavour to disprove the Bible's inerrancy, have defendant the writer of Genesis of erring in regard to the record of events occurring on day six of creation. While Genesis one:24-27 plainly indicates that man was created later the animals, critics merits that Genesis 2:18-nineteen teaches that human being was created earlier animals. They strongly assert that such linguistic communication by the writer of Genesis proves that the Bible is not divinely inspired.
Does Genesis two present a different creation guild than Genesis one? Is there a reasonable explanation for the differences betwixt the two capacity? Or is this to be recognized as a 18-carat contradiction?
Some Bible students resolve this alleged contradiction simply past explaining that the Hebrew verb translated "formed" could easily have been translated "had formed." In his Exposition of Genesis, H.C. Leupold stated:
Without any emphasis on the sequence of acts the account here records the making of the diverse creatures and the bringing of them to man. That in reality they had been made prior to the creation of man is so entirely apparent from chapter one equally not to require caption. But the reminder that God had "molded" them makes obvious His ability to bring them to homo and then is quite appropriately mentioned here. It would not, in our estimation, be incorrect to translate yatsar as a pluperfect in this instance: "He had molded." The insistence of the critics upon a plainly past is partly the effect of the attempt to make chapters one and two clash at as many points as possible (1942, p. 130, emp. added).
Hebrew scholar Victor Hamilton agreed with Leupold'southward assessment of Genesis two:nineteen every bit he also recognized that "it is possible to translate formed as 'had formed' " (1990, p. 176). Keil and Delitzsch stated in the showtime book of their highly regarded Old Testament commentary that "our modern style for expressing the same thought [which the Holy Spirit, via Moses, intended to communicate—EL] would be but this: 'God brought to Adam the beasts which He had formed' " (1996, emp. added). Adding even more credence to this interpretation is the fact that the New International Version (NIV) renders the verb in poetry 19, non every bit simple past tense, merely equally a pluperfect: "Now the Lord God had formed out of the ground all the beasts of the field and all the birds of the air" (emp. added). Although Genesis chapters one and two agree even when yatsar is translated simply "formed" (every bit nosotros volition notice in the residual of this article), it is important to note that the four Hebrew scholars mentioned in a higher place and the translators of the NIV, all believe that it could (or should) be rendered "had formed." And, equally Leupold acknowledged, those who deny this possibility exercise so (at to the lowest degree partly) considering of their insistence on making the ii capacity disagree.
The principal reason that skeptics do not see harmony in the events recorded in the first 2 chapters of the Bible is because they neglect to realize that Genesis 1 and 2 serve different purposes. Chapter i (including 2:1-4) focuses on the guild of the cosmos events; chapter ii (actually ii:v-25) simply provides more detailed information about some of the events mentioned in chapter one. Affiliate two never was meant to be a chronological regurgitation of affiliate one, just instead serves its ain unique purpose—i.eastward., to develop in detail the more important features of the creation business relationship, particularly the creation of homo and his surroundings. As Kenneth Kitchen noted in his book, Ancient Orient and the Old Testament:
Genesis 1 mentions the creation of homo equally the final of a serial, and without any details, whereas in Genesis 2 man is the centre of interest and more specific details are given about him and his setting. Failure to recognize the complementary nature of the subject—distinction betwixt a skeleton outline of all creation on the one hand, and the concentration in item on man and his immediate surroundings on the other, borders on obscurantism (1966, p. 117).
Norman Geisler and Thomas Howe summarized some of the differences in Genesis 1-2 in the following nautical chart (1992, p. 35):
| Genesis 1 | Genesis 2 | |
| Chronological Gild | Topical Order | |
| Outline | Details | |
| Creating Animals | Naming Animals |
The fact is, "Genesis 2 does non present a creation account at all but presupposes the completion of God'due south work of cosmos as set forth in affiliate one…. [C]hapter two is congenital on the foundation of chapter ane and represents no different tradition than the first affiliate or discrepant account of the order of creation" (Archer, 1982, pp. 68-69). In short, Genesis chapters 1 and ii are harmonious in every way. What may seem every bit a contradiction at first glance is essentially a more detailed account of chapter i. The text of Genesis ii:xix says nothing about the relative origins of man and fauna in terms of chronology, simply merely suggests that the animals were formed before being brought to man.
If i still rejects both the possibility of yatsar being translated "had formed," and the caption of the two chapters beingness worded differently because of the purposes they serve, a final response to the skeptics allegations is that the text never says that there were no animals created on the sixth 24-hour interval of cosmos later on Adam. Although in my judgment it is very unlikely that God created a special group of animals to be named past Adam (afterwards creating all others earlier the creation of man—Genesis 1:twenty-27), some commentators hold this view. Later on his comments apropos the translation of yastsar, Victor Hamilton indicated that the creatures mentioned in ii:19 refer "to the creation of a special grouping of animals brought earlier Adam for naming" (p. 176, emp. added). Hamilton believes that near all the animals on the World were created earlier Adam; however, those mentioned in 2:19 were created on day six subsequently Adam for the purpose of existence named. In U. Cassuto'southward comments on Genesis ii regarding the time Adam named the animals, he stated: "Of all the species of beasts and flying creatures that had been created and had spread over the face of the earth and the firmament of the heavens, the Lord God now formed item specimens for the purpose of presenting them all before man in the midst of the Garden" (1961, p. 129, emp. added). Both of these long-time Bible students recognize that the text never says there were no animals created after Adam, but that all animals were created either on days five and six (before and possibly even afterward Adam was created). However unorthodox (or unlikely) this position may exist, it does serve as some other reason why skeptics have no foundation upon which to stand when they affirm that a contradiction exists betwixt Genesis 1:24-27 and 2:19.
REFERENCES
Archer, Gleason L. (1982), An Encyclopedia of Bible Difficulties (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan).
Cassuto, U. (1961), A Commentary on the Volume of Genesis (Jerusalem: Magnes).
Geisler, Norman L. and Thomas A. Howe (1992), When Critics Ask (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books).
Hamilton, Victor P. (1990), The Volume of Genesis (Thousand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans).
Keil, C.F. and F. Delitzsch (1996), Keil and Delitzsch Commentary on the Old Testament (Electronic Database: Biblesoft), new updated edition.
Kitchen, Kenneth (1966), Ancient Orient and Old Testament (Chicago, IL: Inter-Varsity Press).
Leupold, Herbert C. (1942), Exposition of Genesis (Grand Rapids, MI: Baker).
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